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Address Family List under BGP Routing Protocol

  Address Family List under BGP Routing Protocol In BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), Address Family Identifiers (AFIs) and Subsequent Address Family Identifiers (SAFIs) are used to define the type of network layer reachability information being exchanged. These are typically configured under BGP routing protocol to support different types of routing information (like IPv4, IPv6, VPNv4, etc.). Here's a list of commonly used AFI/SAFI combinations under BGP: 🔹 Common Address Family List (AFI / SAFI) AFI (Address Family Identifier) SAFI (Subsequent Address Family Identifier) Meaning 1 (IPv4) 1 (Unicast) IPv4 unicast routing 1 2 (Multicast) IPv4 multicast routing 1 128 (MPLS-labeled VPN) VPNv4 (IPv4 MPLS VPN) 2 (IPv6) 1 (Unicast) IPv6 unicast routing 2 2 (Multicast) IPv6 multicast routing 2 128 (MPLS-labeled VPN) VPNv6 (IPv6 MPLS VPN) 25 (L2VPN) 70 (EVPN) Ethernet VPN (EVPN) 16388 128 (MPLS VPN) Route Target Constraint (RTC) 1 4 (...
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TR-181 and TR-369

    TR-181 and TR-369 are both part of the Broadband Forum's standards for managing customer premises equipment (CPE) devices, but they have different focuses. TR-181 defines the Device:2 data model, which provides a comprehensive view of a device's capabilities and can be used with both TR-069 (CPE WAN Management Protocol) and TR-369 (User Services Platform). TR-369, also known as the User Services Platform (USP), builds upon TR-069 and introduces new features like real-time monitoring, bulk data collection, and more efficient communication.  Here's a more detailed breakdown: TR-181 (Device:2 Data Model): It's a data model that describes the characteristics and capabilities of a device.        It defines various objects and parameters that can be managed and monitored by a management system.        It supports both TR-069 and TR-369, meaning a device can use the Device:2 data model to communicate with either protoco...
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IELTS Importance Vocabulary for Listening & Writing

    Here are the common IELTS Listening hobbies with Bangla meanings and example sentences : Gardening (বাগান করা) She spends her weekends gardening and growing vegetables. তিনি তার ছুটির দিনগুলো বাগান করা ও সবজি চাষে ব্যয় করেন। Stamp collection (ডাকটিকিট সংগ্রহ) My grandfather has a huge stamp collection from different countries. আমার দাদার বিভিন্ন দেশের বিশাল ডাকটিকিট সংগ্রহ রয়েছে। Orienteering (দিকনির্ণয় প্রতিযোগিতা) Orienteering requires both navigation skills and physical fitness. দিকনির্ণয় প্রতিযোগিতায় দিকনির্দেশনার দক্ষতা ও শারীরিক সক্ষমতা উভয়ই প্রয়োজন। Caving (গুহা অনুসন্ধান) They went caving in the mountains last summer. গত গ্রীষ্মে তারা পাহাড়ে গুহা অনুসন্ধানে গিয়েছিল। Spelunking (গুহা অভিযান) Spelunking can be dangerous if you don’t have the right equipment. সঠিক সরঞ্জাম না থাকলে গুহা অভিযান বিপজ্জনক হতে পারে। Scuba diving (স্কুবা ডাইভিং / পানির নিচে ডাইভিং) I tried scuba diving in the Maldives, and it was an amazing experience. আমি মালদ্ব...
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

      ### Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) --- #### **1. Introduction to BGP** - **What is BGP?**   - BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol (EGP) used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems (AS) on the internet.   - It is the protocol that makes the internet work by enabling data routing between different networks. - **Key Purpose:**   - BGP is designed to route data between autonomous systems (AS), which are large networks or groups of networks under a single administrative control. - **Version:**   - The current version is BGP-4 (defined in RFC 4271), which supports Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). --- #### **2. Key Features of BGP** - **Path Vector Protocol:**   - BGP is a path vector protocol, meaning it maintains the path information that gets updated dynamically.   - It uses attributes like AS_PATH to prevent routing loops. - **Scalability:**   - BGP is highly scalable and ...
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Multiple Cisco device configuration Backup using python Script

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 Multiple Cisco device configuration Backup using python Script Device configuration will be saved as per Hostname.    Saved files are looking as below:  ===================  Python Script: ===================  from netmiko import ConnectHandler import pandas as pd import datetime import os # Read device information from the Excel file device_file = "devices.xlsx" devices_df = pd.read_excel(device_file) # Convert the dataframe to a list of dictionaries devices = devices_df.to_dict( orient = 'records' ) # Directory to save the configuration files output_directory = "device_configs" os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok = True ) # Define the commands to be executed commands = [ 'show running-config' , 'show ip interface brief' , 'show version' ] # Get the current date current_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime( "%Y-%m-%d" ) # Function to connect to a device and save the output to a file def connect_and_save (...
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